Recyclable Carbon-Based Hybrid Adsorbents Functionalized with Alumina Nanoparticles for Water Remediation

Developing and improving adsorbent materials for wastewater treatment have become crucial achieving recyclable water keeping the environment safe. Carbon are modified with alumina (Al2O3) using various doping ratios a solvothermal treatment. The process aims to combine advantages of stable carbon an efficient methylene blue removal. Fabricated including carbon/alumina derivatives were characterized TEM, SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, revealing successful surface modifications. exhibited pore diameters between 23 39 µm, while ones showed 1.68 6.08 µm. nanoparticles formed on particle size 174 nm 179 nm. adsorbents applied removal by adsorption at pH 4. equilibrium steady state stage was achieved after 2 h reporting fast behavior. Low ratio improved capacity removal, excessive led reduction in efficiency. application pseudo-first-order pseudo-second-order kinetic models indicated mechanism, which agreed second-order model. found be 234 mg/g. Adsorption-isotherms Langmuir Freundlich investigate mechanism. results indicate that model fits data, suggests monolayer process.